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    • 专利摘要:
    A process for producing a hydrolyzable mixture [hereinafter referred to as hydrolyzable mixture (H)], wherein this process comprises: a. Providing a composition [hereinafter referred to as "composition (C)"] comprising plumes and / or hair and water wherein said water is at least partially absorbed by the plumes and / or the hair, and wherein the composition has a dry matter content of Y% by weight equal to or less than 60% by weight; b. squeezing out at least a portion of the water of composition (C), thereby forming a composition [hereinafter referred to as "composition (B)"] which has a dry matter content Y1 greater than Y% by weight but located between 30 and 60% by weight; c. adding an aqueous liquid [hereinafter referred to as "aqueous liquid (A)"] to the composition (B), thereby forming the hydrolyzable mixture (H) wherein the hydrolyzable mixture (H) has a dry matter content of Y2 which is lower than Y1% by weight but is between 20 and 40% by weight.
    公开号:BE1024444B1
    申请号:E2016/5543
    申请日:2016-06-30
    公开日:2018-02-27
    发明作者:Jef Vanoverschelde；Vaast Vanoverschelde
    申请人:Empro Europe；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    METHOD FOR PREPARING A DIGESTIBLE POULTRY OR HAIR FLOUR
    Application domain of the invention
    The present invention relates to a process for preparing a hydrolyzable mixture based on plumes and / or poultry hair, and also the hydrolyzable mixture that is available with the aid of this process. The present invention further relates to a method for producing a digestible composition of plumes or hair, comprising a step of hydrolyzing the hydrolyzable mixture (H), and the digestible composition of plumes or hair that results therefrom.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    Livestock is usually fed with forms of fish and meat meal, since these are suitable sources of animal protein. Industrial poultry farms generate large quantities of waste residues, such as plumes, which must be disposed of. Feathers and hair contain a high content of keratin (85-100%), a protein that in its natural state is unfortunately indigestible for animals, due to the high degree of polymerization. Keratin has cysteine disulfide bonds, which render the protein insoluble and which must be broken to allow digestion (Moran et al., 1966).
    Peptide bonds can be broken by hydrolysis, whereby this hydrolysis can be carried out with water and physical agents (pressure and heat), chemical agents (1% hydrochloric acid solution, dimethyl sulfoxide, sodium sulfide, sodium thioglycolate, sodium hydroxide), or with biological agents (enzymes such as keratinase of bacterial origin or from fungus, basic protease, or with specific microorganisms).
    While some hydrolytic processes may improve the digestibility of proteins, they may at the same time reduce the nutritional value of the resulting product, since changes in amino acid pattern may occur. For example, part of the amino acids can be linked to other substances or form new cross-links within the protein molecule (Hurrell et al., 1976; Whitaker, 1980) by bonds that are resistant to hydrolysis by the digestive enzymes, even though they have been released by acid hydrolysis . In particular, it is also known that a drastic decrease in cysteine concentration can occur after the processing of poultry meal (Block and Bolling, 1951; Gregory et al., 1956; Davis et al., 1961; McCasland and Richardson, 1966; Moran et al. al., 1966). In general, it is concluded that the cysteine content in the feather meal decreases as the processing time and pressure increase. It is also known that significant differences in amino acid reduction have been observed in samples from chemical treatments, and to a lesser extent in enzymatic, compared to treatments without additives (Papadopoulos 1984).
    All this means that the hydrolytic process can alter the digestibility of the proteins in the final flour product, but at the same time can also influence the nutritional value of the flour product by changing the amino acid pattern of the hydrolyzed plumes or hair in the flour product.
    There are patents in the art that disclose various processes for converting indigestible proteinaceous materials into digestible products.
    Patent GB1030515 (Ishmael Maurice Docken) discloses a continuous process for converting wet plumes of poultry into a proteinaceous feed meal using a device that allows this conversion in the slaughterhouse itself. The plumes are ground, and then hydrolyzed in a heated treatment chamber system, where the plumes are subjected to a steam treatment. Finally, the flour material is dried in a dryer. The stated pressure used in the disclosed process is approximately 7.22 bar (90 pounds above atmospheric pressure). The compact device, built for operation at the slaughter location, uses a simple design characterized by a minimum number of devices. This leads to an increased energy consumption.
    U.S. Pat. No. 4,269,865 (Ralston Purina) discloses a process to convert one of the primary by-products of a poultry farm into food products by first converting moistened plumes to a pulpy mass, in a pre-digesting tank under elevated pressure and temperature at which stirring is avoided. This pulpy mass is then, while being mechanically stirred under conditions of elevated pressure and temperature, hydrolysed to a protein-like product with a nutritional value available for animals. In this process, it is the combination of optimum steam pressures, in particular in the range of 40-80 psig pressure, and optimum retention times of 15 minutes or less, preferably 3-15 minutes in the hydrolysis unit, which comprises a proteinaceous product with provides improved nutritional properties, which is suitable as a potential food or feed component.
    U.S. Pat. No. 4,151,306 (Anderson Int, Ibec Industries, Inc.) discloses a process for hydrolyzing proteinaceous derivatives of the skin, such as, in particular, plumes and hair, which includes the steps of dewatering the base material to the moisture content. to a level that is sufficient to enable the subsequent hydrolysis step. In general, the process includes the steps of mechanically dewatering keratin-containing base material to reduce the water content to 30-40% while maintaining the water in the liquid phase, applying heat and pressure to the dewatered material around the material to hydrolyze, and drying the material. The mechanically dewatered material is hydrolyzed by passing it through an extruder, the keratin-containing material being mechanically subjected to high shear forces, which leads to an accumulation of temperature and pressure in the material, while keeping the water in the liquid phase, to hydrolyze the keratin. Typical processing conditions in the extruder are a residence time of 30 seconds, a pressure of 800 psi, a temperature of 300 ° F and 35% moisture content in the treated material. The hydrolyzed skin derivatives leave the extruder and are transferred to a steam-heated dryer, where the moisture content is reduced to approximately 8%. When unprocessed plumes were hydrolyzed by this process, they contained more than 65% digestible protein, while hydrolysed pig hair contained more than 55% digestible protein.
    Patent EP 2832236 A1 (Tessenderlo Chemie NV) discloses a process for producing digestible keratin-containing material, comprising the steps of hydrolyzing keratin-containing material in the presence of water, generally in an amount between 30 and 30 80% by weight, in a hydrolizer, at elevated temperature and at a pressure between about 2 bar and about 10 bar. Furthermore, the patent EP 2832236 A1 discloses drying of the resulting hydrolyzed keratinous material containing at least partially insoluble material in a dryer at a temperature / time / pressure combination that limits the decrease in pepsin and / or ileal digestibility to less than 10%, and / or such that the pepsin and / or ileal digestibility remains higher than 85%. Preferably, drying of the resulting hydrolyzed partially soluble keratin-containing material is carried out in a dryer at such a temperature that the keratin-containing material remains at a temperature below 90 ° C.
    In the patent RU2413422 (Ooo Rosana) a method is disclosed for producing a dry feed additive based on plumes and base materials, including heating and grinding of starting base materials, sterilizing them, hydrolysing and drying. Base materials with an initial moisture content of 30-75% are continuously fed into a mixer mill, where they are compressed 8-10 times and heated at a pressure of 0.5-5.0 MPa and a temperature of 60-120 ° C with subsequent hydrothermal treatment at 180-200 ° C for 590 seconds with simultaneous crushing and sanding. The processes of crushing and water hydrolysis of keratin are carried out in a thin layer of up to 30 mm, and then the second phase of high temperature hydrolysis is carried out at a pressure of 5.0-15.0 MPa for 90-270 seconds at a temperature of 180-250 ° C, and product from the processing of base materials is discharged into a zone at atmospheric pressure.
    Despite the efforts made to develop methods for hydrolyzing plumes and thereby producing poultry meal that is suitable as a food or feed component with an improved nutritional value, as set forth above, several challenges remain. Firstly, it remains difficult to ensure that the digestible plume or hair meal has high and guaranteed nutritional values and at the same time a constant and optimized amino acid pattern, and thus a guaranteed digestibility of protein, regardless of the quality and origin of the starting material. Secondly, it remains difficult to develop a process that is versatile enough so that the process parameters can be fine-tuned in function of the desired properties and specifications for the product. Third, it remains difficult to translate this process into an industrially practicable process capable of producing large amounts of the digestible feather or hair meal.
    Consequently, there is a need for an improved, environmentally friendly and efficient process for producing a stable hydrolyzable starting material that after hydrolysis can yield a hydrolyzed feather or hair product with a stable, desired amino acid composition, ie a guaranteed digestibility of proteins and a guaranteed stable high nutritional value.
    Summary of the invention
    Surprisingly, the inventors have now found that it is possible to provide an improved process that meets the above requirements.
    Thus, an object of the present invention is to provide a process for producing a hydrolyzable mixture [hereinafter referred to as "hydrolyzable mixture (H)"], wherein this process comprises: a. Providing a composition [hereinafter "composition (C ) 'called] comprising plumes and / or hair and water, wherein this water is at least partially absorbed by the plumes and / or hair, and wherein the composition has a dry matter content of Y% by weight equal to or less than 60% by weight with respect to the total weight of the composition (C) b. squeezing out at least a portion of the water of composition (C), thereby forming a composition [hereinafter referred to as "composition (B)"] which has a dry matter content Y1 greater than Y% by weight but located between 30 and 60% by weight with respect to the total weight of the composition (B) c. adding an aqueous liquid [hereinafter referred to as "aqueous liquid (A)"] to the composition (B), thereby forming the hydrolyzable mixture (H) wherein the hydrolyzable mixture (H) has a dry matter content of Y2 which is lower than Y1% by weight but is between 20 and 50% by weight. with respect to the total weight of the hydrolyzable mixture (H).
    A further object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a digestible composition of plumes or hair, comprising hydrolyzing the hydrolyzable mixture (H).
    A further object of the present invention is also to provide digestible plume or hair compositions.
    Detailed description of the invention
    Producing the hydrolyzable mixture (H)
    In a step a. The invention provides a composition (C) comprising plumes and / or hair and water, wherein this water is at least partially absorbed by the plumes and / or the hair, and wherein the composition has a dry matter content of Y has a weight% equal to or less than 60 weight% with respect to the total weight of composition (C).
    According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the composition (C) can be any by-product or waste material of biological origin, in particular organic material, in particular originating from poultry, cattle, sheep-like animals, pigs, pets, birds, fur animals and such, usually obtained from a slaughterhouse or fat melting plant [hereinafter referred to as "starting material"], preferably obtained from a poultry or pig slaughterhouse or poultry or pig fat melting plant. Today, the common practice is that these by-products or waste materials are of biological origin, poultry plumes or hair, transported by truck from a slaughterhouse to a conversion plant.
    It should be clear to those skilled in the art that the starting material can arrive at the conversion installation in various forms and conditions. The starting material may still be dirty or may have been washed beforehand. It can also be ground or shredded to a certain extent.
    Usually the dry matter content of the starting material when it arrives at the conversion plant is unknown, due to the fact that the pretreatments in the slaughterhouse are often an unknown factor.
    In this view, the starting material after it has arrived at the conversion plant is preferably subjected to a pre-treatment step. The pretreatment step may in particular include, but is not limited to, adding and / or removing water, cleaning, rinsing, sorting, degreasing, cutting, grinding, grinding, or any combination thereof.
    Such a pre-treatment step can facilitate handling of the starting material, for example by making it easier to remove and transportable. It also removes unwanted organic and inorganic material, thereby improving the quality of the end product. It can also further improve the efficiency of subsequent processing steps.
    The starting material is preferably supplied to a supply device system, which can comprise at least a large compartment such as a bunker for storing the starting material, and / or a washing and / or transport system. In the feeder system, the starting material can be mixed with water to obtain the composition (C) of step a. Of the process of the present invention.
    According to a preferred embodiment of the process of the present invention, the starting material is mixed with water in the feeder system to obtain the composition (C) with a dry matter content of Y% by weight that is at most 50% by weight is preferably with a dry matter content of Y% by weight that is at most 40% by weight, more preferably with a dry matter content of Y% by weight that is at most 30% by weight, with even more preferably with a dry matter content of Y% by weight that is at most 25% by weight with respect to the total weight of composition (C).
    Such a feeding device system can advantageously at the same time provide provisions for transporting the starting material, and also for washing and / or separating the starting material from unwanted organic material, such as blood, fat or parts of the body of the animal, and / or of undesired inorganic material, such as plastic, pieces of metal, sand and rubber. The feeder system can also advantageously offer the possibility of dividing thick packs of entangled starting material into smaller, transportable portions.
    The feeder system, as mentioned above, generally uses commercially available devices, such as conveyor screws, pumps, and / or rotating or rotating sieves. Impurities or unwanted particles can be removed by means of sieves located below the channel of the conveyor screw. Alternatively, the revolving screen is provided with perforations in the walls that allow the removal of impurities during rolling.
    If the starting material comprises an amount of water that exceeds the preferred amount of water, then the washing and / or conveying system advantageously comprises a dewatering screw, with the aim of removing at least part of the water from the starting material to obtain the composition ( C) from step a. Of the process of the present invention.
    In a step b. the invention provides for squeezing out at least a portion of the water of composition (C), thereby forming a composition [hereinafter referred to as "composition (B)"] which has a dry matter content of Y1 greater than Y% by weight but is between 30 and 60% by weight with respect to the total weight of composition (B).
    Preferably, the dry matter content Y1 of composition (B) is at least 32% by weight, more preferably at least 34% by weight, even more preferably at least 36% by weight, more preferably at least 38% by weight. %, and most preferably at least 40% by weight with respect to the total weight of composition B. Furthermore, it should be understood that the dry matter content Y1 of composition (B) is preferably at most 58% by weight, more preferably at most 56% by weight, even more preferably at most 54% by weight, more preferably at most 52% by weight, and most preferably at most 50% by weight with respect to the total weight of composition (B).
    According to an embodiment of the process of the present invention, the act of squeezing out the at least one portion of the water of composition (C) in step b. are carried out by using gravity, in particular the compressive force of the plumes and / or the hair present in the composition (C). More specifically, the plumes and / or the hair present in the composition (C) can be packed in the form of at least one layer, the plumes and / or the hair in the upper part of the at least one layer apply pressure to the plumes and / or hair located in the lower portions of the at least one layer, thereby squeezing out at least a portion of the water that is at least partially absorbed by the plumes and / or the hair. Alternatively, the at least one portion of the water of composition (C) in step b. be removed by means of a decanter.
    In a preferred embodiment of the process of the present invention, the act of squeezing out the at least one portion of the water of composition (C) in step b. are carried out with the help of a dewatering press, of which different models are available on the market.
    As a result of the act of squeezing out at least a portion of the water, the plumes and / or hair are mechanically dewatered and soaked while being forced through the press. A transport screw or screw press can be used that continuously compresses the material. Such a device comprises an elongated, cylindrical drum housing with an axially positioned rotatable shaft for driving a supply worm wheel to advance wet material through the drum, and a plurality of cutting edge rods projecting between the worm screw turns to cooperate with it to achieve a compression process. The pressing drum is usually made of stainless steel cage rods that catch, drip and compress plumes or hair.
    Water is collected and wrung from the plumes and / or the hair, and can be drained through a sewer pipe located at the bottom, or the water can flow through slots in the compression press of the screw press. Preferably the collected water is returned to the feed device system.
    According to an alternative embodiment, dewatering can be carried out by thermal drying, for example by passing through jacketed steam-heated vessels.
    According to certain embodiments of the process of the present invention, the composition (B) is preferably ground before step c.
    The grinding of the composition (B) can be carried out with a grinding device, a mixer provided with a shaft with one or more rotating disks, or any other device that is available on the market. Radial blades on the circumference of the disc can be used to blow out the plumes and hair present in composition (B) at high speed. The rotating discs are preferably provided with a tooth pattern. These devices shred the wet plumes or wet hair that are present in the composition (B). The advantage of grinding the plumes and / or the hair before the hydrolysis is that the composition (B) will be a more pulpy mixture, allowing for easier hydrolysing at lower energy costs.
    As stated in step c. of the process of the present invention an aqueous liquid (A) added to the composition (B) as described above, thereby forming the hydrolyzable mixture (H), the hydrolyzable mixture (H) having a dry matter content of Y 2 which is is lower than Y1% by weight but is between 20 and 50% by weight.
    According to a preferred embodiment of the process according to the present invention, the hydrolyzable mixture (H) has a dry matter content Y2 which is lower than Y1% by weight but which is at most 48% by weight, preferably at most 46 % by weight, more preferably at most 44% by weight, even more preferably at most 42% by weight and most preferably at most 40% by weight, with respect to the total weight of the hydrolyzable mixture (H). Furthermore, it should be understood that the hydrolyzable mixture (H) has a dry matter content of Y2 which is lower than Y1% by weight but which is at least 22% by weight, preferably at least 24% by weight, more preferably at least at least 26% by weight, even more preferably at least 28% by weight and most preferably at least 30% by weight, with respect to the total weight of the hydrolyzable mixture (H).
    According to certain embodiments of the process of the present invention, the aqueous liquid (A) is a liquid comprising water.
    Preferably, the aqueous liquid (A) has a temperature that is at least 50 ° C, more preferably at least 60 ° C, even more preferably at least 70 ° C, more preferably at least 80 ° C, and with the most preferably at least 85 ° C.
    According to a preferred embodiment of the process of the present invention, the aqueous liquid (A) is a liquid comprising water, further enriched with at least amino acids, polypeptides and / or proteins, in particular these proteins, polypeptides and / or amino acids are derived from plumes and / or hair.
    In a more preferred embodiment of the process of the present invention, the aqueous liquid (A) is an enriched protein-containing liquid obtained as a product stream after hydrolyzing the hydrolyzable mixture (H), as explained in detail below.
    Surprisingly, the inventors have now found that adding an aqueous liquid (A) comprising proteins and / or amino acids to the composition (B) results in an increase in the protein and / or amino acids content of the hydrolyzable mixture (H). As such, the protein and / or amino acid content of the final poultry meal product can also be influenced.
    The hydrolyzable mixture (H) prepared by the process of the present invention is also an aspect of the present invention.
    Producing a digestible composition of feathers or hair
    The hydrolyzable mixture (H) of the present invention can then advantageously be further used to provide a digestible composition of plumes or hair.
    An additional aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a digestible composition of plumes or hair comprising a step of hydrolyzing the hydrolyzable mixture (H) of the present invention.
    Techniques for hydrolyzing proteinaceous derivatives of the skin, such as, in particular, feathers and hair, are well known in the art.
    Advantageously, the hydrolysis of the hydrolyzable mixture (H) of the present invention is carried out in at least one reactor, thereby forming a hydrolyzed mixture (M).
    In the context of the invention, the term "at least one reactor" refers to one or more reactors.
    The person skilled in the art will apply the optimum parameters, such as temperature, pressure and hydrolysis time, to carry out the hydrolysis of the hydrolyzable mixture (H) of the present invention in the at least one reactor.
    The hydrolysis time of the hydrolyzable mixture (H) of the present invention in the at least one reactor is advantageously at least 3 minutes, preferably at least 4 minutes, and most preferably at least 5 minutes. Furthermore, it should be clear that the hydrolysis time in the at least one reactor is advantageously at most 25 minutes, preferably at most 20, preferably at most 19 minutes, more preferably at most 18 minutes, even more preferably at most 17 minutes, more preferably at most 16 minutes, and most preferably at most 15 minutes.
    Advantageously, the at least one reactor is used at an elevated pressure of at least 3 bar, preferably at least 4 bar, more preferably at least 5 bar, and most preferably at least 6 bar. Furthermore, it should be clear that the at least one reactor is advantageously used at an elevated pressure of at most 12 bar, preferably at most 11 bar, more preferably at most 10 bar and most preferably at most 9 bar.
    Advantageously, the at least one reactor is used at a temperature of at least 135 ° C, preferably at least 145 ° C, more preferably at least 155 ° C, even more preferably at least 165 ° C, and with most preferably at least 175 ° C. Furthermore, it should be clear that the at least one reactor is advantageously used at a temperature of at most 245 ° C, preferably at most 235 ° C, more preferably at most 225 ° C, even more preferably at most 215 ° C, more preferably at most 205 ° C, and most preferably at most 195 ° C.
    Good results were observed when the at least one reactor was used at a temperature range of 160 ° C to 205 ° C.
    According to an embodiment of the present invention, the hydrolyzable mixture (H) is hydrolyzed in one reactor.
    According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hydrolyzable mixture (H) is hydrolysed in two or more reactors that are placed in series, preferably in 2 reactors that are placed in series. The two or more reactors can be similar or different, and more preferably, the first and second reactors are similar reactors. Furthermore, it should be understood that optimum pressure, temperature, and hydrolysis time conditions are used in each of the reactors, in particular using an increasing sequence of pressures.
    The first of the two or more hydrolysis reactors is preferably used at an elevated pressure of at least 1 bar, more preferably of at least 3 bar. Furthermore, it should be clear that the first of the two or more hydrolysis reactors is advantageously used at an elevated pressure of at most 6 bar, more preferably at most 5 bar. Good results can be observed when the first of the two or more hydrolysis reactors is used at an elevated pressure of 1 bar to 5 bar.
    The second of the two or more hydrolysis reactors is used at an elevated pressure of at least 6 bar, preferably at least 7 bar, and more preferably at least 8 bar. Furthermore, it should be clear that the second of the two or more hydrolysis reactors is advantageously used at an elevated pressure of at most 12 bar, preferably at most 11 bar, and more preferably at most 10 bar. Good results can be observed when the second of the two or more hydrolysis reactors is used at an elevated pressure of 8 bar to 12 bar.
    When a third reactor is present, the third of the two or more hydrolysis reactors is preferably used at an elevated pressure of at least 10 bar. Furthermore, it should be clear that this third hydrolysis reactor is advantageously used at an elevated pressure of at most 13 bar, preferably at most 12 bar. Good results can be observed when the third hydrolysis reactor is used at an elevated pressure slightly higher than 10 bar.
    The advantage of using two or more reactors is that it also makes it possible to influence and optimize the nutritional value, in addition to the amino acid pattern of the final feather or hair meal product.
    The method for producing a digestible composition of plumes or hair according to the present invention further comprises the step of separating the hydrolyzed mixture (M), as described in detail above, in i) at least one solid phase portion [ hereinafter referred to as "solid phase (S)" portion] and (ii) at least one liquid portion [hereinafter referred to as "liquid portion (L)" by suitable equipment.
    As typical suitable equipment, mention can in particular be made of a press and a decanter and / or a centrifuge.
    In the context of the invention, the term "liquid portion" refers to the supernatant remaining on top of the solid phase (S) portion in the appropriate equipment used for the separation.
    According to an embodiment of the method for producing a digestible composition of plumes or hair according to the present invention, at least a portion of the at least one liquid portion (L) is subjected to evaporation, thereby forming an enriched proteinaceous liquid [hereinafter " called enriched liquid (E) ', with a dry matter content of Y3. Preferably, the dry matter content of Y3 of the enriched liquid (E) is at least 40% by weight, preferably at least 43% by weight, more preferably at least 45% by weight, and most preferably at least 48% % by weight. Furthermore, it should be understood that the dry matter content Y3 of the enriched liquid (E) is at most 60% by weight, preferably at most 57% by weight, and more preferably at most 54% by weight. It should be understood that the enriched liquid (E) can be liquid at the evaporation temperature, but can be a paste at room temperature.
    According to another embodiment of the method for producing a digestible composition of plumes or hair, at least a part of the liquid part (L) is used to form the aqueous liquid (A) which is added to the composition (B) whereby the hydrolyzable mixture (H) is formed as described above.
    According to an alternative embodiment of the method for producing a digestible composition of plumes or hair, at least a portion of the enriched liquid (E) is used to form the aqueous liquid (A) which is added to the composition (B) whereby the hydrolyzable mixture (H) is formed as described above.
    The aqueous liquid (A), derived from the at least one part of the liquid part (L) or at least a part of the enriched liquid (E), is added in suitable amounts to obtain the hydrolyzable mixture (H with a dry matter content of Y 2 that is lower than Y 1 wt% but is between 20 to 50 wt% as described above.
    The inventors have now found that by recycling a product steam from the hydrolysis process in the form of the aqueous liquid (A) to the composition (B), a tricky process can be avoided of extracting proteins from an aqueous liquid that is characterized due to a relatively low protein concentration.
    In the method for producing a digestible composition of feathers or hair according to the present invention, at least a portion of the portion is dried in solid phase (S), thereby forming a digestible composition of feathers or hair.
    Preferably, drying of at least a portion of the solid phase (S) portion is suitably carried out on a belt or belt dryer, a fluid bed dryer, or a transport dryer, preferably a belt dryer.
    Preferably, drying of the at least one portion of the solid phase (S) portion is carried out with air, the solid phase portion (S) having a temperature of at most 80 ° C, preferably at most 75 ° C and most preferably at most 70 ° C.
    The inventors have now found that drying at least a portion of the solid phase (S) portion at the stated mild temperatures in the dryer, as described above, advantageously improves the quality of the digestible composition of plumes or hair.
    In addition, traditional drying equipment of the prior art, such as drum dryers, in which higher temperatures are used, leads to undesired Maillard reactions, which burns the product, with the result that the integrity of the proteins is lost and the quality of the end product is also reduced .
    In general, drying of the at least one portion of the solid phase (S) portion is carried out under atmospheric pressure, preferably at an underpressure relative to atmospheric pressure of -20 to -40 mbar, more preferably at a negative pressure of approximately -30 mbar.
    According to another embodiment of the method for producing a digestible composition of feathers or hair, the solid phase portion (S) is mixed with at least a portion of the enriched liquid (E) before drying.
    According to an alternative embodiment of the method for producing a digestible composition of plumes or hair, the hydrolyzed mixture (M) is mixed with at least a part of the enriched liquid (E).
    The present invention further relates to the digestible composition of feathers or hair, as described above.
    The present invention further relates to a digestible composition of feathers or hair comprising at least 80% by weight, preferably at least 81% by weight, more preferably at least 82% by weight, even more preferably at least 83% by weight, more preferably at least 84% by weight, and most preferably at least 85% by weight of proteins with respect to the total weight of the digestible composition of feathers or hair. At least 80%, preferably at least 81%, more preferably at least 82%, even more preferably at least 83%, more preferably at least 84%, and most preferably at least 85% of these proteins are digestible proteins.
    The term "digestible protein," as used herein, refers to the proteins that are capable of being digested by enzymes in the digestive system of an animal, as measured by the pepper digestibility described in the document. experimental part. This is a subset of the total protein content.
    The digestible composition of feathers or hair comprises at least 6% by weight, preferably at least 7% by weight, and more preferably at least 8% by weight of fat with respect to the total weight of the digestible composition of feathers or hair. Furthermore, it is to be understood that the digestible composition of feathers or hair comprises at most 12% by weight, preferably at most 11% by weight, and more preferably at most 10% by weight of fat with respect to the total weight of the digestible composition of feathers or hair.
    The digestible composition of feathers or hair comprises at least 0.5% by weight, and preferably at least 1% by weight, of ash with respect to the total weight of the digestible composition of feathers or hair. Furthermore, it is to be understood that the digestible composition of plumes or hair comprises at most 4% by weight, preferably at most 3% by weight, and more preferably at most 2% by weight, with respect to the total weight of the digestible composition of feathers or hair.
    The digestible composition of feathers or hair comprises at least 4% by weight, preferably at least 5% by weight, and more preferably at least 6% by weight of moisture with respect to the total weight of the digestible composition of feathers or hair. Furthermore, it is to be understood that the digestible composition of feathers or hair comprises at most 10% by weight, preferably at most 9% by weight, more preferably at most 8% by weight of moisture with respect to the total weight of the digestible composition of feathers or hair.
    The present invention further relates to an enriched liquid (E) obtainable by the process according to any of the embodiments set forth herein.
    The present invention furthermore relates to an enriched liquid (E) comprising at least 40% by weight, preferably at least 41% by weight, more preferably at least 42% by weight, even more preferably at least 43% by weight, with more preferably at least 44% by weight, and most preferably at least 45% by weight of proteins with respect to the total weight of the enriched liquid (E). At least 80%, preferably at least 85%, more preferably at least 90%, even more preferably at least 95% of these proteins are digestible proteins.
    This enriched liquid (E) and / or the digestible composition of plumes or hair can be commercialized as a separate product. The enriched liquid (E) and / or the digestible composition of plumes or hair can optionally be mixed with a binder and other components, and grained to prepare an edible composition, an agrochemical composition or a cosmetic composition.
    The invention further relates to an edible composition, an agrochemical composition or a cosmetic composition comprising the digestible composition of plumes or hair as defined in this document, and / or the enriched liquid (E) as defined in this document.
    The edible composition can be selected from a group consisting of a food, a food component, a food additive or a food additive.
    The edible composition is particularly suitable for animals, preferably farm animals, including fish, pigs, poultry, cows, sheep and goats, domestic animals, birds and fur animals.
    Typical examples of said cosmetic compositions include, in particular, hair, nail or skin product compositions such as, in particular, but not limited to, shampoo, creams, lotions, gels, nail polish, nail varnish, and the like.
    The present invention further relates to the use of the digestible composition of plumes or hair as defined in this document, or the enriched liquid (E) as defined in this document, as fertilizer; or as a food or feed additive for animals, preferably farm animals, including fish, pigs, poultry, cows, sheep and goats, domestic animals, birds and fur animals.
    The present invention further relates to the use of the digestible composition of plumes or hair as defined in this document, or the enriched liquid (E) as defined in this document, as a cosmetic component, preferably as a component in hair, nails - or skin product composition.
    The present invention further relates to the digestible composition of plumes or hair as defined in this document, or the enriched liquid (E) as defined in this document, for use as a hair or after-gel growth agent.
    The present invention further relates to the digestible composition of plumes or hair as defined in this document, or the enriched liquid (E) as defined in this document, for use as a hair or after-gel enhancing agent.
    The present invention further relates to the digestible composition of feathers or hair as defined in this document, or the enriched liquid (E) as defined in this document, for use as a skin protection agent.
    The use of the specific procedure steps and conditions of the present invention for treating the plumes and hair improves the overall nutritional properties and functional properties of the proteinaceous end product, as evidenced by feed use and digestibility tests performed with the proteinaceous end product. In addition, the transformed hydrolyzed feather or hair product is also a product with improved nutritional properties compared to prior art converting agents, since the use of constant blends of starting material, and the use of mild drying conditions, not only improves nutritional properties but also allows the continuous treatment of the plumes and hair, thereby improving the overall efficiency and economic advantage of the process.
    The following examples are intended merely to illustrate some non-limiting embodiments of the present invention.
    Examples
    The dry matter content is known and checked at all stages of the process, which makes it possible to reproduce the quality and composition of the digestible composition of feathers or hair. Accordingly, it is inherent in the invention that the process conditions can be optimized and programmed to produce a digestible composition of plumes or hair with desired composition and characteristics, while minimizing waste production and the use of energy and raw materials.
    Example 1: Preparation of a digestible plume composition
    A composition (C) containing rinsed chicken plumes and water, with a dry matter content of 12% by weight, was treated according to the process of the present invention. The water was squeezed until a dry matter content of 47% by weight was reached, thereby forming a composition (B). An aqueous liquid (A) with a temperature of 87 ° C comprising part of the liquid part (L) of a previous batch was added to obtain a dry matter content of 33% by weight, whereby a hydrolyzable mixture (H) was formed. The hydrolyzable mixture (H) was treated in a hydrolyzer, which was used at 7 bar and a temperature of 165 ° C for 18 minutes, thereby forming a hydrolyzed mixture (M). The hydrolyzed mixture (M) was separated into a solid-phase portion (S) and a liquid portion (L) using a press. The solid phase portion (S) was dried using a belt dryer that was used at an air temperature of 95 ° C (whereby the temperature of the solid phase portion (S) did not exceed 80 ° C) and a pressure of 1 bar, thereby forming a digestible plume composition. A portion of the liquid portion (L) was subjected to evaporation to form an enriched fluid (E), while another portion of the fluid portion (L) was used as the aqueous fluid (A) in the next batch of the production process. The protein content, the pepsin digestibility, the fat content, the ash content and the moisture content of the digestible plume composition and the enriched liquid (E) were analyzed and the results are summarized in Table 1. The protein content was determined according to ISO 5983 (1997-11) , the fat content was analyzed according to ISO 6492 (1999-08), the content of ash was analyzed according to ISO 5984, the moisture content was analyzed according to ISO 6496 and the pepsin digestibility was determined according to ISO 6655 (1997-08, 0.02% pepsin).
    Table 1
    Table 1 shows that the digestible plume composition as well as the enriched liquid (E) obtained by the process of the present invention exhibit a very high pepsin digestibility.
    The amino acid pattern of the digestible feather composition was analyzed according to ISO 13903 and is shown in Figure 1; the amino acid pattern of the enriched fluid (E) is shown in Figure 2.
    Example 2: Reproducibility of preparation of digestible plume composition
    To verify the reproducibility of the process of the present invention, several digestible plume compositions were prepared over a period of 3 months according to the same procedure as described in Example 1. Pepsin digestibility of each of the produced digestible plume compositions (batches 1 to 17) was determined according to ISO 6655 (1997-08, 0.02% pepsin). The results are summarized in Figure 3. Figure 3 shows that the pepsin digestibility value for the digestible plume compositions is very stable, even between different batches, and is therefore independent of small differences inherent in the base material used (i.e. chicken plumes).
    Example 3: Influence of temperature on the amino acid pattern of the digestible plume composition
    Two batches of digestible plume compositions were prepared according to the same procedure as described in Example 1, except that the hydrolyzer was used at a temperature of 165 ° C for lot 18 and at 160 ° C for lot 19. The amino acid patterns of lot 1 and lot 2 of digestible plume compositions were analyzed according to ISO 13903 and are shown in Figure 4. The results indicate that the process of the present invention is a flexible process that makes it possible to adjust the amino acid pattern in function of the specific requirements for a digestible plume composition for a specific use.
    权利要求:
    Claims (21)
    [1]
    CONCLUSIONS
    A process for producing a hydrolyzable mixture [hereinafter referred to as "hydrolyzable mixture (H)"], said process comprising: a. Providing a composition [hereinafter referred to as "composition (C)"] which plumes and / or hair and water, wherein this water is at least partially absorbed by the plumes and / or the hair, and wherein the composition has a dry matter content of Y% by weight equal to or less than 60% by weight with with respect to the total weight of the composition (C) b. squeezing out at least a portion of the water of composition (C), thereby forming a composition [hereinafter referred to as "composition (B)"] which has a dry matter content Y1 greater than Y% by weight but located between 30 and 60% by weight with respect to the total weight of the composition (B) c. adding an aqueous liquid [hereinafter referred to as "aqueous liquid (A)"] to the composition (B), thereby forming the hydrolyzable mixture (H), the hydrolyzable mixture (H) having a dry matter content Y2 has lower than Y1% by weight but is between 20 and 50% by weight. with respect to the total weight of the hydrolyzable mixture (H).
    [2]
    The process according to claim 1, wherein the dry matter content Y% by weight of the composition (C) is at most 50% by weight, preferably at most 40% by weight, more preferably at most 30% by weight even more preferably at most 25% by weight.
    [3]
    The process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the dry matter content Y1 of the composition (B) is at least 32% by weight, more preferably at least 34% by weight, even more preferably at least 36% by weight. %, more preferably at least 38% by weight, most preferably at least 40% by weight, and wherein the dry matter content Y1 of the composition (B) is preferably at most 58% by weight, more preferably at most 56% by weight, even more preferably at most 54% by weight, more preferably at most 52% by weight, and most preferably at most 50% by weight with respect to the total weight of composition (B) .
    [4]
    The process according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the dry matter content Y2 of the hydrolyzable mixture (H) is at most 48% by weight, preferably at most 46% by weight, more preferably at most 44% by weight, even more preferably at most 42% by weight, most preferably at most 40% by weight, and wherein the dry matter content Y2 of the hydrolyzable mixture (H) is at least 22% by weight , preferably at least 24% by weight, more preferably at least 26% by weight, even more preferably at least 28% by weight and most preferably at least 30% by weight, with respect to the total weight of the hydrolyzable mixture (H).
    [5]
    The process according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the aqueous liquid (A) is a liquid comprising water, further enriched with at least amino acids, polypeptides and / or proteins, and wherein the aqueous liquid (A ) has a temperature that is at least 50 ° C, more preferably at least 60 ° C, even more preferably at least 70 ° C, more preferably at least 80 ° C, and most preferably at least 85 ° C .
    [6]
    A hydrolyzable mixture (H) produced according to the process according to any of claims 1 to 5.
    [7]
    A method for producing a digestible composition of feathers or hair comprising a step of hydrolyzing the hydrolyzable mixture (H) according to claim 6.
    [8]
    The method of claim 7, wherein the hydrolysis of the hydrolyzable mixture (H) is carried out in at least one reactor, thereby forming a hydrolyzed mixture (M).
    [9]
    The method of claim 7 or 8, wherein the step of hydrolyzing is characterized by a hydrolysis time of at least 3 minutes, preferably at least 4 minutes, most preferably at least 5 minutes, and wherein the step of the hydrolysis is characterized by a hydrolysis time of at most 25 minutes, preferably at most 20, preferably at most 19 minutes, more preferably at most 18 minutes, even more preferably at most 17 minutes, more preferably at most 16 minutes , and most preferably at most 15 minutes.
    [10]
    The process according to any of claims 7 to 9, wherein the at least one reactor is used at a pressure of at least 3 bar, preferably at least 4 bar, more preferably at least 5 bar, with the most preferably at least 6 bar, and wherein the at least one reactor is used at a pressure of at most 12 bar, preferably at most 11 bar, more preferably at most 10 bar and most preferably at most 9 bar.
    [11]
    The process according to any of claims 8 to 10, wherein the at least one reactor is used at a temperature of at least 135 ° C, preferably at least 145 ° C, more preferably at least 155 ° C , even more preferably at least 165 ° C, most preferably at least 175 ° C, and wherein the at least one reactor is used at a temperature of at most 245 ° C, preferably at most 235 ° C, with more preferably at most 225 ° C, even more preferably at most 215 ° C, more preferably at most 205 ° C, and most preferably at most 195 ° C.
    [12]
    The method according to any of claims 7 to 11, further comprising the step of separating the hydrolyzed mixture (M), in i) at least one solid phase portion [hereinafter "solid phase portion (S) ) "named] and (ii) at least one liquid portion [hereinafter referred to as" liquid portion (L) ".
    [13]
    The method of claim 12, further comprising the step of subjecting at least a portion of the at least one liquid portion (L) to evaporation, thereby forming an enriched protein-containing fluid [hereinafter referred to as "enriched fluid (E)" ], with a dry matter content of Y3, wherein Y3 is at least 40% by weight, preferably at least 43% by weight, more preferably at least 45% by weight, most preferably at least 48% by weight, and wherein Y 3 is at most 60% by weight, preferably at most 57% by weight, and more preferably at most 54% by weight.
    [14]
    The method of claim 12 or 13, wherein the at least one portion of the liquid portion (L) or the at least one portion of the enriched fluid (E) is used to form the aqueous fluid (A) as defined in claim 1.
    [15]
    The method of claim 12, further comprising the step of drying at least a portion of the solid phase (S) portion, thereby forming a digestible composition of plumes or hair.
    [16]
    The method of claim 15, wherein the drying of the at least one portion of the solid phase portion (S) is carried out with air, the solid phase portion (S) having a temperature of at most 80 ° C, preferably at most 75 ° C and most preferably at most 70 ° C.
    [17]
    A digestible composition of feathers or hair, produced according to the method according to any of claims 7 to 16.
    [18]
    The digestible composition of feathers or hair according to claim 17, comprising at least 80% by weight, preferably at least 81% by weight, more preferably at least 82% by weight, even more preferably at least 83% by weight , more preferably at least 84% by weight, most preferably at least 85% by weight of proteins with respect to the total weight of the digestible composition of feathers or hair.
    [19]
    The digestible composition of feathers or hair according to claim 18, wherein at least 80%, preferably at least 81%, more preferably at least 82%, even more preferably at least 83%, more preferably at least 84% , and most preferably at least 85% of the proteins are digestible proteins.
    [20]
    An enriched liquid (E) produced according to the method of claim 13.
    [21]
    An edible composition, an agrochemical composition or a cosmic composition comprising the digestible composition of plumes or hair according to any of claims 17 to 19, or the enriched liquid (E) according to claim 20.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    BE1024444A1|2018-02-21|
    EP3262952A1|2018-01-03|
    引用文献:
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    RU2667427C2|2011-11-07|2018-09-19|Марс, Инкорпорейтед|Food protein ingredient and methods for producing same|
    EP2832237A1|2013-07-30|2015-02-04|Tessenderlo Chemie NV|Method for producing hydrolysed keratinaceous material|
    AU2014298495B2|2013-07-30|2018-04-26|Tessenderlo Group Nv/Sa|Method for producing hydrolysed keratinaceous material|
    ES2577180T3|2013-07-30|2016-07-13|Tessenderlo Chemie NV|Method for producing hydrolyzed keratinous material|WO2020234487A1|2019-05-17|2020-11-26|Research And Development In Food Spain, S.L.|Method of preparing a protein hydrolysate from raw material of animal origin|
    法律状态:
    2018-03-14| FG| Patent granted|Effective date: 20180227 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    EP16177367.6A|EP3262952A1|2016-06-30|2016-06-30|Method for preparing digestible feather or hair meal|
    EP16177367.6|2016-06-30|
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